Ngo-Agasti 15, 2023, uMongameli waseMexico wasayina isimemezelo, kusukela ngo-Agasti 16, ukukhulisa insimbi (isibambiso izinto zokusetshenziswa), i-aluminium, imikhiqizo yoqalo, irabha, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, uwoyela, insipho, iphepha, amakhadibhodi, imikhiqizo ye-ceramic, ingilazi Izintela ezithandwa kakhulu yizwe ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, okuhlanganisa izinto zikagesi, izinsimbi zomculo nefenisha.
Lo mthetho ukhuphula intela yokungenisa ezweni esebenza ezintweni zentela ezingama-392.Cishe yonke imikhiqizo ekule migqa yentela manje isingaphansi kwentela yempahla engaphandle engu-25%, futhi yizindwangu ezithile kuphela ezizokhokhiswa intela engu-15%.Lokhu kuguqulwa kwezinga lentela yokungenisa kwamanye amazwe kuqale ukusebenza ngo-Agasti 16, 2023 futhi kuzophela ngoJulayi 31, 2025.
Izibophelelo zokunakekelwa kwefekthri ye Yimiphi imikhiqizo enemisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla?
Mayelana nemikhiqizo enemisebenzi emelene nokulahlwa esohlwini lomthetho, insimbi engagqwali evela eChina naseTaiwan;izingcwecwe ezigoqiwe ezibandayo ezivela eChina naseKorea;insimbi eyisicaba eboshwe eChina naseTaiwan;Izimpahla eziphuma kwamanye amazwe njengamapayipi ensimbi azothinteka kulokhu kukhushulwa kwentela.
Lo mthetho uzothinta ubudlelwano bezohwebo kanye nokuhamba kwezimpahla phakathi kweMexico nabalingani bayo abangewona abe-FTA, amazwe athinteke kakhulu nezifunda ezihlanganisa iBrazil, i-China, iTaiwan, iNingizimu Korea ne-India.Kodwa-ke, amazwe iMexico enesivumelwano sohwebo lwamahhala (FTA) awathinteki kulo mthetho.
Cishe i-92% yemikhiqizo ingaphansi kwezindleko ezingama-25.Yimiphi imikhiqizo ethinteke kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nezinsimbi?
Cishe i-92% yemikhiqizo ingaphansi kwezindleko ezingama-25.Imiphi imikhiqizo ethinteka kakhulu, kufaka phakathiama-fasteners?
Ngokwezibalo ezifanele ezikhishwe yiGeneral Administration of Customs yezwe lami, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yaseChina eMexico kuzokhuphuka kusuka ku-US $ 44 billion kuye ku-US $ 46 billion ngo-2018 kuya ku-US $ 46 billion ngo-2021, kuya ku-US $ 66.9 billion ngo-2021, futhi kukhuphuke futhi ku-US $ 77.3 ibhiliyoni ngo-2022;Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2023, inani lempahla yaseChina ethunyelwa eMexico lidlule amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-39.2.Uma kuqhathaniswa nedatha ngaphambi kuka-2020, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kukhuphuke cishe ngo-180%.Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kwedatha yamasiko, amakhodi entela angama-392 asohlwini lomthetho waseMexico afaka inani lokuthekelisa elingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-6.23 zamadola aseMelika (ngokusekelwe kudatha yango-2022, kucatshangelwa ukuthi kunomehluko othile kumakhodi wentela waseChina naseMexico, okuyiwona qobo. inani elithintekile alikwazi ukunemba okwamanje).
Phakathi kwazo, ukukhushulwa kwezinga lentela yokungenisa kwamanye amazwe kuhlukaniswe ngamaleveli amahlanu: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% no-25%, kodwa lawo anomthelela omkhulu agxile “esiphephelweni somoya nezinye izesekeli zomzimba ngaphansi kwento 8708″ (10% ), “izindwangu” (15%) kanye “nesisekelo sensimbi, ithusi ne-aluminium, irabha, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, iphepha, imikhiqizo yobumba, ingilazi, izinto zikagesi, izinsimbi zomculo nefenisha” (25%) nezinye izigaba zomkhiqizo.
Amakhodi entela angama-392 abandakanya isamba sezigaba eziyi-13 zentela yentela yezwe lami, futhi ezithinteke kakhulu yilezi “imikhiqizo yensimbi“, “ipulasitiki nerabha”, “impahla yezokuthutha nezingxenye”, “izindwangu” kanye “nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zefenisha” .Lezi zigaba ezinhlanu zizobalelwa ku-86% yenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwe-Mexico ngo-2022. Lezi zigaba ezinhlanu zemikhiqizo futhi ziyizigaba zomkhiqizo ezibone ukukhula okuphawulekayo ekuthunyelweni kwe-China e-Mexico eminyakeni yamuva nje.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zikagesi ezisebenza ngomshini, ithusi, i-nickel, i-aluminium nezinye izinsimbi eziyisisekelo kanye nemikhiqizo yazo, izicathulo nezigqoko, izitsha zobumba zengilazi, amaphepha, izinsimbi zomculo nezingxenye, amakhemikhali, amatshe ayigugu nezinsimbi eziyigugu nakho kukhuphuke ngamazinga ahlukahlukene uma kuqhathaniswa no-2020.
Ngithatha ukuthunyelwa kwezwe lami kwezingxenye zezimoto eMexico njengesibonelo, ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele (izintela phakathi kweChina neMexico azihambelani ngokugcwele), phakathi kwamakhodi entela angu-392 alungiswa uhulumeni waseMexico ngalesi sikhathi, imikhiqizo enamakhodi entela ahlobene imboni yezimoto ngo-2022, I-China Ethunyelwa eMexico yabalelwa ku-32% wesamba semali ethunyelwa e-China e-Mexico ngalowo nyaka, yafinyelela ku-US$1.962 webhiliyoni;kuyilapho ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yezimoto efanayo eMexico engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2023 kufinyelele ku-US$1.132 billion.Ngokwezilinganiso zezimboni, i-China izothumela i-avareji yama-US$300 wezigidi zezingxenye zezimoto eMexico nyanga zonke ngo-2022. Okusho ukuthi, ngo-2022, izingxenye zezimoto zaseChina ezithunyelwa eMexico zizodlula ama-US$3.6 billion.Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili ikakhulukazi yingoba kusenenombolo enkulu yezinombolo zentela yezingxenye zezimoto, futhi uhulumeni waseMexico awukazifaki esibalweni sokunyuka kwezintela zokungenisa impahla kuleli ngalesi sikhathi.
Isu le-Supply chain (ukwenza ubungane)
Ngokwezibalo zamasiko aseShayina, izinto zikagesi, imishini yezimboni, izimoto nezingxenye zazo ziyimikhiqizo eyinhloko engeniswe yiMexico ivela eChina.Phakathi kwazo, izinga lokukhula kwezimoto kanye nemikhiqizo yazo eyisipele lijwayelekile kakhulu, ngokwenyuka konyaka ngonyaka ngo-72% ngo-2021 kanye nokwenyuka konyaka ngo-50% ngo-2022. Ngokombono wemikhiqizo ethile. , ukuthekelisa kweChina izimoto ezithwala impahla (ikhodi yempahla enezinhlamvu ezingu-4: 8704) eMexico kuzokwenyuka ngo-353.4% unyaka nonyaka ngo-2022, futhi kuzokwenyuka ngo-179.0% unyaka nonyaka ngo-2021;Ukukhula ngo-165.5% kanye nokwenyuka konyaka ngo-119.8% ngo-2021;i-chassis yezimoto enezinjini (ikhodi yentela enamadijithi angu-4: 8706) ukunyuka konyaka ngo-110.8% ngo-2022 kanye nokunyuka konyaka ngo-75.8% ngo-2021;njalo njalo.
Okufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isimemezelo saseMexico sokwenyusa amanani okuthenga kwamanye amazwe asisebenzi emazweni nasezifundeni ezisayine izivumelwano zokuhwebelana neMexico.Ngandlela thize, lesi sinqumo siphinde sibe wukuvezwa kwakamuva kwesu likahulumeni wase-US “lokwakha ubungane” bochungechunge lokuthengwa kwempahla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-28-2023