A ranar 15 ga Agusta, 2023, Shugaban Mexico ya rattaba hannu kan wata doka, daga ranar 16 ga Agusta, ta haɓaka karafa (fastener albarkatun kasa), aluminum, bamboo kayayyakin, roba, sinadarai kayayyakin, mai, sabulu, takarda, kwali, yumbu kayayyakin, gilashin Mafi-fi so-kasa kudin fito a kan wani fadi da kewayon shigo da, ciki har da lantarki kayan aiki, kida kida da furniture.
Dokar ta kara harajin shigo da kaya wanda ya shafi kayayyaki 392.Kusan duk samfuran da ke cikin waɗannan layukan kuɗin fito yanzu suna ƙarƙashin harajin shigo da kayayyaki na kashi 25%, kuma wasu masaku ne kawai za su kasance ƙarƙashin harajin 15%.Wannan gyare-gyaren kuɗin fito na fito ya fara aiki ne a ranar 16 ga Agusta, 2023 kuma zai ƙare a ranar 31 ga Yuli, 2025.
Kula da masana'anta na fasteners Wadanne samfura ne ke da aikin hana zubar da jini?
Game da samfuran da ke da ayyukan hana zubar da jini da aka jera a cikin dokar, bakin karfe daga China da Taiwan;faranti mai sanyi daga China da Koriya;lebur karfe daga China da Taiwan;Wannan karin kudin fiton zai shafi shigo da kaya irin su bututun karfe.
Dokar za ta shafi huldar kasuwanci da zirga-zirgar kayayyaki tsakanin Mexico da abokan cinikinta da ba na FTA ba, kasashe da yankuna da abin ya fi shafa da suka hada da Brazil, Sin, Taiwan, Koriya ta Kudu da Indiya.Sai dai kasashen da Mexico ke da yarjejeniyar ciniki cikin 'yanci (FTA) ba ta shafi dokar ba.
Kusan kashi 92% na samfuran suna ƙarƙashin haraji 25.Wadanne samfura ne suka fi shafa, gami da na'ura?
Kusan kashi 92% na samfuran suna ƙarƙashin haraji 25.Wadanne samfura ne suka fi shafa, gami dafasteners?
Bisa kididdigar da hukumar kwastam ta kasata ta fitar, kayayyakin da kasar Sin ke fitarwa zuwa kasar Mexico za ta karu daga dalar Amurka biliyan 44 zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 46 a shekarar 2018 zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 46 a shekarar 2021, zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 66.9 a shekarar 2021, sannan kuma za ta karu zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 77.3. biliyan a 2022;A farkon rabin shekarar 2023, darajar kayayyakin da kasar Sin ke fitarwa zuwa kasar Mexico ya zarce dalar Amurka biliyan 39.2.Idan aka kwatanta da bayanan kafin 2020, fitar da kaya zuwa waje ya karu da kusan 180%.Dangane da binciken bayanan kwastam, ka'idojin haraji 392 da aka jera a cikin dokar Mexico sun hada da darajar fitar da kayayyaki ta kusan dalar Amurka biliyan 6.23 (bisa ga bayanan da aka samu a shekarar 2022, la'akari da cewa akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin dokokin kwastam na China da Mexico, ainihin gaskiyar. Adadin da abin ya shafa ba zai iya zama daidai ba a halin yanzu).
Daga cikin su, haɓakar kuɗin fito na shigo da kayayyaki ya kasu kashi biyar: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% da 25%, amma waɗanda ke da tasiri mai yawa sun mai da hankali kan "gilashin iska da sauran kayan haɗin jiki a ƙarƙashin abu 8708" (10% ), "Tsarin" (15%) da "karfe, jan karfe da aluminum tushe karafa, roba, sinadaran kayayyakin, takarda, yumbu kayayyakin, gilashin, lantarki kayan, kida da furniture" (25%) da sauran samfurin Categories.
Lambobin haraji 392 sun ƙunshi jimillar nau'ikan harajin kwastam 13 na ƙasata, kuma waɗanda abin ya fi shafa su ne “kayayyakin karfe"," robobi da roba ", "kayan jigilar kayayyaki da sassa", "textiles" da "kaya daban-daban" .Wadannan nau'o'in guda biyar za su kai kashi 86% na adadin kudin da ake fitarwa zuwa kasar Mexico a shekarar 2022. Wadannan nau'o'in kayayyakin guda biyar kuma su ne nau'in kayayyakin da aka samu babban ci gaba a kayayyakin da kasar Sin ke fitarwa zuwa kasar Mexico a 'yan shekarun nan.Bugu da kari, kayan aikin injiniya, jan karfe, nickel, aluminum da sauran karafa na tushe da kayayyakinsu, takalma da huluna, yumbun gilashi, takarda, kayan kida da sassa, sunadarai, duwatsu masu daraja da karafa masu daraja suma sun karu zuwa digiri daban-daban idan aka kwatanta da 2020.
Ɗaukar fitar da ƙasata na fitar da sassan motoci zuwa Mexico a matsayin misali, bisa ga ƙididdiga marasa cika (kudirin kuɗin fito tsakanin Sin da Mexico ba su cika daidai ba), daga cikin ka'idojin haraji 392 da gwamnatin Mexico ta daidaita a wannan lokacin, samfuran da ke da lambobin haraji masu alaƙa. Masana'antar kera motoci a shekarar 2022, kayayyakin da kasar Sin ke fitarwa zuwa kasar Mexico sun kai kashi 32% na adadin kayayyakin da kasar Sin ta fitar zuwa Mexico a wannan shekarar, wanda ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 1.962;yayin da fitar da irin wadannan kayayyakin mota zuwa Mexico a farkon rabin shekarar 2023 ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 1.132.Bisa kididdigar da masana'antu suka yi, kasar Sin za ta fitar da matsakaicin dalar Amurka miliyan 300 na kayayyakin motoci zuwa kasar Mexico a duk wata a shekarar 2022. Wato a shekarar 2022, kayayyakin da kasar Sin ke fitarwa zuwa Mexico za su haura dalar Amurka biliyan 3.6.Bambancin da ke tsakanin su biyun shi ne saboda har yanzu akwai adadi mai yawa na lambobin harajin sassa na motoci, kuma gwamnatin Mexico ba ta saka su cikin fa'idar karuwar harajin shigo da kayayyaki ba a wannan karon.
Dabarun sarkar samar da kayayyaki (friendshoring)
Bisa kididdigar kwastam ta kasar Sin, na'urorin lantarki, injinan masana'antu, motoci da sassansu, su ne manyan kayayyakin da kasar Mexico ke shigo da su daga kasar Sin.Daga cikin su, haɓakar haɓakar abubuwan hawa da samfuran kayan aikinsu ya fi dacewa, tare da haɓaka 72% a shekara a 2021 da haɓakar 50% a shekara ta 2022. Ta fuskar takamaiman samfuran. , Fitar da motocin dakon kaya na kasar Sin (lambobin kwastam mai lamba 4: 8704) zuwa Mexico zai karu da kashi 353.4 bisa dari a shekarar 2022, kuma zai karu da kashi 179.0% duk shekara a shekarar 2021;Haɓaka na 165.5% da karuwar shekara-shekara na 119.8% a cikin 2021;chassis na abin hawa tare da injuna (lambar kwastam mai lamba 4: 8706) karuwar shekara-shekara na 110.8% a cikin 2022 da karuwar shekara-shekara na 75.8% a cikin 2021;da sauransu.
Abin da ya kamata a lura shi ne cewa dokar Mexico na kara harajin shigo da kayayyaki ba ta shafi kasashe da yankunan da suka kulla yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Mexico ba.A wata ma'ana, wannan dokar ita ma sabuwar bayyana ce ta dabarun samar da sada zumunta ta gwamnatin Amurka.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-28-2023