(CBAM), eyaziwa nangokuthi I-Carbon Border Tax noma I-Carbon Border Tax, intela ekhokhiswa i-EU ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni kwezinye izimpahla ezingenisiwe.Le nqubo idinga ukuthi imikhiqizo enekhabhoni ephezulu engeniswe noma ethunyelwa ngaphandle isuka e-EU ikhokhe izintela ezihambisanayo nezinkokhelo noma imbuyiselo yezabelo ezihambisanayo zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
Izimboni ezikhokhiswa "i-carbon tariff" zihlanganisa insimbi, usimende, i-aluminium, umanyolo, ugesi kanye ne-hydrogen, ikakhulukazi eqondise ukukhishwa okuqondile ohlelweni lokukhiqiza kanye nekhabhoni engaqondile ezigabeni ezintathu ezinkulu zikasimende, ugesi kanye nomanyolo (okungukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuvela ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi othengiwe, isitimu, ukushisa noma ukupholisa) kanye nenani elincane lemikhiqizo engaphansi komfula.
1. Iyini “i-EU Carbon Border Regulation Mechanism”?(Ama-Wedge Bolts Kakhonkolo)
I-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) umthetho osekelayo we-EU Emissions Trading System (ETS).I-ETS idinga abakhiqizi be-EU bemikhiqizo ekhaviwe ukuthi bathenge izitifiketi zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuhulumeni ngokusekelwe ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni okukhiqizwe phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza.I-CBAM idinga abangenisi bemikhiqizo ekhaviwe ukuthi bathenge izitifiketi zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni e-EU.Eqinisweni, kudinga abakhiqizi abangewona abe-EU ukuthi bathumele imikhiqizo ekhaviwe ku-EU ukuthi bakhokhe izindleko ezifanayo zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni njengabakhiqizi ngaphakathi kwe-EU.
2. Izosebenza nini i-CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) futhi iqalise ukusebenza?(Izinduku Ezinemicu kanye nezinsimbi)
I-CBAM iqale ukusebenza mhla ziyi-17 kuNhlaba wezi-2023 futhi izosetshenziswa kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMfumfu wezi-2023 ngokuhambisana neSigaba 36 se-CBM.
Ukuqaliswa kwe-CBAM kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba zesikhashana nezisemthethweni zokuqalisa.Ngokwemithetho ye-CBM, isikhathi soshintsho se-CBAM sisuka ku-Okthoba 1, 2023 siye kuDisemba 31, 2025.
Ngesikhathi soguquko, isibopho esiyinhloko sabangenisa ngaphansi kwe-CBAM ukuthumela imibiko yekota kwabasemagunyeni be-CBM.Okuqukethwe kombiko kufaka phakathi:
(1) Inani lomkhiqizo ngamunye okhaviwe we-CBM ongeniswe ngekwata;
(2) Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ehlanganisiwe okubalwe ngokwe-CBAM Annex 4;
(3) Inani lekhabhoni lemikhiqizo ekhavayo kufanele likhokhe ezweni lakubo.Imibiko kufanele ithunyelwe kungakapheli inyanga eyodwa ngemva kokuphela kwekota ngayinye.Ukwehluleka ukuhambisa imibiko ngesikhathi kuzoholela ezijezisweni.
3. Yiziphi izimboni i-CBAM esebenza kuzo?(I-Chemical Bolt)
Ngemva kokuba i-CBAM isiqaliswe ngokusemthethweni, izosebenza ensimbi, usimende, umanyolo, i-aluminium, ugesi ne-hydrogen, kanye nezinye izandulela (ezifana ne-ferromanganese, i-ferrochrome, i-ferronickel, i-kaolin namanye ama-kaolin, njll.) kanye neminye imikhiqizo engaphansi komfula (njengaleyo njengezikulufu zensimbi namabhawodi) ).Isijobelelo 1 soMthetho we-CBM sibonisa amagama namakhodi ezimpahla zemikhiqizo ehlanganiswa yi-CBM.
4. Ungasithola kanjani isitifiketi se-CBAM sokufaka isicelo?(I-Drywall Anchor Screws)
Isiphathimandla esinamandla Sesifunda esiyilungu lapho umfakisicelo ekhona sinesibopho sokunikeza isimo se-CBAM Egunyaziwe Sokwazisa.Isimo sefayela le-CBAM eligunyaziwe sizoqashelwa kuwo wonke Amazwe Angamalungu e-EU.Ngaphambi kokugunyaza isicelo somazisi, iziphathimandla ezinekhono zizoqhuba inqubo yokubonisana ngokubhalisa kwe-CBM, okuzobandakanya iziphathimandla ezinekhono zamanye amazwe e-EU kanye ne-European Commission.
5. Kungani udinga ukuthola iziqu zokumemezela ezigunyaziwe ze-CBM?(Yehlisa Ihange Ukuze Ukhonkolo)
Amafayela wefayela we-CBM angagunyaziwe anqatshelwe ekungeniseni izimpahla ezikhavwe yi-CBM.
Uma umuntu ngaphandle kwesimemezelo se-CBM esigunyaziwe engenisa izimpahla e-EU ngokwephula i-CBM, kuzokhokhwa inhlawulo.Inani lenhlawulo lizoncika esikhathini, ubukhali, ububanzi, inhloso kanye nokuphindaphindwa kokuziphatha, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi komuntu ojezisiwe kanye nesiphathimandla se-CBM esinekhono.izinga lokubambisana.Uma isitifiketi se-CBAM singanikezwa umuntu ojezisiwe, inhlawulo izoba izikhathi ezingu-3-5 inhlawulo eshiwo esigabeni 1 sonyaka wokwethulwa kwempahla.
6. Ungasithenga kanjani isitifiketi se-CBAM?(Isisekelo Anchor Bolts)
I-European Commission kufanele isungule inkundla evamile emaphakathi phakathi kweKhomishini YaseYurophu kanye Namazwe Angamalungu ukuze kudayiswe izitifiketi ze-CBM.Amazwe Angamalungu kufanele athengise izitifiketi ze-CBM kumafayili e-CBM agunyaziwe.
Intengo yezitifiketi ze-CBM izonqunywa ngokusekelwe enanini lokuvala elimaphakathi le-EU Emissions Trading Scheme kunkundla yendali evamile isonto ngalinye lekhalenda.Leyo ntengo emaphakathi izoshicilelwa yi-European Commission kuwebhusayithi yayo noma nganoma iyiphi enye indlela efanele ngosuku lokuqala lokusebenza lweviki elilandelayo lekhalenda futhi izosebenza kusukela osukwini lokuqala lokusebenza lwesonto elilandelayo lekhalenda.
7. Usingenisa kanjani isitifiketi se-CBAM?(I-Stainless Steel Bracket)
Amafayela e-CBAM agunyaziwe kudingeka anikeze inombolo ethile yezitifiketi ze-CBAM ngeRegistry ye-CBAM ngaphambi komhla zingama-31 kuMeyi unyaka ngamunye.Inombolo yezitifiketi izohambisana nenani lezinto ezikhishwayo ezimenyezelwe ngokuhambisana neSigaba 6, isigaba 2 (c) futhi siqinisekiswe ngokuhambisana neSigaba 8.
Amafayela e-CBAM agunyaziwe kudingeka anikeze inombolo ethile yezitifiketi ze-CBAM ngeRegistry ye-CBAM ngaphambi komhla zingama-31 kuMeyi unyaka ngamunye.Inombolo yezitifiketi izohambisana nenani lezinto ezikhishwayo ezimenyezelwe ngokuhambisana neSigaba 6, isigaba 2 (c) futhi siqinisekiswe ngokuhambisana neSigaba 8.
Uma iKhomishini ithola ukuthi inombolo yezitifiketi ze-CBM ku-akhawunti ayihlangabezani nezidingo ezihambisanayo, izokwazisa isiphathimandla esinekhono sezwe lapho kutholakala khona ummemezeli ogunyaziwe.Isiphathimandla esinekhono sizokwazisa ummemezeli ogunyaziwe ingakapheli inyanga eyodwa futhi siqinisekise ukuthi kunenombolo eyanele yezitifiketi ze-CBM ku-akhawunti yakhe.Isitifiketi se-CBM.
8. Yini okufanele uyenze ngezitifiketi ezisele ze-CBAM ngemva kokuba sezinikelwe?()
Izitifiketi ezisele ze-CBAM ngemuva kokuthi isimemezelo se-CBM esigunyaziwe sinikezela ngezitifiketi njengoba kudingekile zizothengwa kabusha izwe eliyilungu lapho isimemezelo sitholakala khona.I-European Commission kufanele ibuyisele izitifiketi ze-CBM egameni lamazwe afanele angamaLungu.
Inani elinjalo lokuthenga kabusha lizokhawulelwa ku-1/3 yenani eliphelele lezitifiketi ze-CBAM ezithengwe yifayela elinjalo eligunyaziwe le-CBM phakathi nonyaka wekhalenda owandulele.Intengo yokuthenga kabusha izoba inani isitifiketi esithengwe ngayo isimemezelo esigunyaziwe.
9. Ingabe isitifiketi se-CBAM sinesikhathi sokuqinisekisa?(Izikhonkwane ze-Hardware)
I-European Commission izokhansela ngomhla ka-1 Julayi wonyaka ngamunye noma yisiphi Isitifiketi se-CBAM esithengwe ngonyaka owandulela unyaka wekhalenda owandulelayo esihlala ku-akhawunti Ekubhalisisweni kwe-CBM.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-27-2023